Low arc voltage in FCAW typically results in which bead characteristics?

• A. Convex bead with ropey appearance and possibly stubbing electrode
• B. Flat bead with smooth surface
• C. Very narrow bead with no defects
• D. Stable arc with uniform deposition

Answer: (A)

Low arc voltage in FCAW shortens the arc length, concentrates heat, and promotes a more erratic metal transfer. This tends to create a bead that sits up above the weld surface (convex) and develops a ropey, stringy surface texture as metal transfers in pulses rather than as a smooth, steady pool. The aggressive, short arc can also cause the electrode to momentarily stick to the weld pool or base metal, leading to stubbing.

That combination—convex shape, ropey surface, and potential stubbing—fits low-voltage FCAW behavior. In contrast, a flat, smooth bead, a very narrow defect-free bead, or a stable arc with uniform deposition point to higher voltage or different transfer dynamics that produce more controlled, smoother weld beads.