In FCAW, which polarity is used to maximize penetration?

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Multiple Choice

In FCAW, which polarity is used to maximize penetration?

Explanation:
Polarity controls how arc heat is distributed between the workpiece and the electrode. When the electrode is positive and current is direct, most of the heat goes into the base metal, which increases penetration and fusion at the root. In contrast, having the electrode negative shifts more heat into the consumable wire, producing shallower penetration. Alternating current distributes heat differently and generally does not maximize penetration. So, to achieve maximum penetration in FCAW, you use direct current with the electrode positive.

Polarity controls how arc heat is distributed between the workpiece and the electrode. When the electrode is positive and current is direct, most of the heat goes into the base metal, which increases penetration and fusion at the root. In contrast, having the electrode negative shifts more heat into the consumable wire, producing shallower penetration. Alternating current distributes heat differently and generally does not maximize penetration. So, to achieve maximum penetration in FCAW, you use direct current with the electrode positive.

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